Understanding the dynamics and factors affecting cultural ecosystem services during urbanization through spatial pattern analysis and a mixed-methods approach

Cultivating a deeper understanding of the response mechanism cultural ecosystem services to urbanization is increasingly recognized as critical component sustainable governance and land-use decision making. However, except for range studies exploring changes in during that address merely one service type, few investigations reveal changing rapid urbanization. To fill this knowledge gap, study selected Changyang Township, Fangshan District, Beijing case understand influence intense on context Chinese cities. Cultural were classified mapped based upon systematic review previous literature, field surveys, kernel density analysis. The services’ was examined through casual loop diagrams. Urbanization found contribute positively general, although reconstruction process revealed these initially diminished then revamped China’s primary development land key factor contributing by which conventional deteriorated urbanization, while spatial planning design facilitated reconstructions across larger core areas. Meanwhile, experienced differently residents areas with varied intensities. This provides an in-depth analysis suggestions achieve concerning services. In addition, enriches literature from dynamic lens highlighting complexity recreation both experience